The list below is a curated, chronological overview of nine high-quality clinical research studies that look into the effects of Wholesale CBN Isolate on human subjects. All of these studies were peer-reviewed, published in reputable scientific journals, and were either placebo-controlled or blinded appropriately. I’ve summarised each of these studies as well as their key findings:
STUDY #1 ON CBN
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA: University of North Carolina School of Medicine Dr. Mario Perez-Reyes is the primary author.
Year: 1973
Six healthy male volunteers took part.
The Method: Participants received an intravenous infusion of drug-free saline directly into their bloodstream. The subjects were informed that the saline would be replaced with a CBN solution administered at a constant rate of 1.2mgCBN/min at an unspecified time. For participants to notice any subjective effects, 14mg of Wholesale CBN Isolate was injected directly into the blood. They reported that the effects were pleasant, but not as strong as THC’s. A rise in heart rate was observed at higher doses, confirming that CBN is capable of activating our CB1 receptors (CB1 activation is well known to do this…consuming THC also raises your heart rate!). Dr. Leo Hollister is the principal author of
CBN STUDY #2.
Palo Alto, California, United States; Veterans Administration Medical Center
Year: 1973
Six middle-aged male volunteers took part. They had all previously used marijuana.
The Study: The volunteers were given oral doses ranging from 20 to 400mg CBN (in a chocolate cookie). CBN had no mental or physical side effects at any dose. This appears to contradict the findings of the previous CBN Study #1, which stated that Wholesale CBN Isolate caused a light high and slightly increased heart rate when injected directly into the bloodstream. The disparity in these results is surprising given that taking 400mg of CBN Isolate Bulk orally should result in blood concentrations even higher than in CBN Study #1. Dr. Leo Hollister and Hampton Gillespie are the authors of CBN
STUDY #3.
Veterans Administration Medical Center and Stanford University School of Medicine are located in Palo Alto, California, USA.
Year: 1975
There were fifteen healthy male volunteers. Everyone had some prior cannabis use experience.
The Study: A few years later, the same researcher who carried out CBN Study #2 returned to carry out another CBN study. This time, he gave the participants a cookie containing 20mg THC plus either 40mg CBN or a placebo. There were no discernible differences between the ‘THC+CBN’ and ‘THC+placebo’ treatment groups, indicating that the 40mg CBN Isolate Wholesale had no effect. “…no quantitative or temporal difference in clinical effects was observed between THC-placebo and THC-CBN,” the author writes. Each treatment produced the same qualitative results.” [12]
Dr. Isac Karniol, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sau Paulo, Brazil; CBN
STUDY #4
Year: 1975
Five late-twenties male volunteers took part. Four of the five volunteers were psychiatric residents from Escola Paulista de Medicina. The other was a fashion designer.
The Study: Participants were given a placebo, 50mgCBN, 25mgTHC, or THC, as well as various doses of CBN Isolate Bulk ranging from 0 to 50mg orally. On a scale of 1-4, participants were asked to rate how strongly they felt 66 subjective pairs (e.g., alert-drowsy, happy-sad, euphoric-depressed, and so on). The results of four of the 66 subjective pair answers are depicted in Figure #1 from the published study. 50mg of CBN was found to be no different than taking a placebo in terms of subjective effects or heart rate. When subjects were given THC + CBN combinations, there were sometimes significant differences found, including “drowsiness” with some THC+CBN combinations. [13]
CBN STUDY #5
Is based at the University of New South Wales in Australia.
The primary author is Dr. Kevin Bird.
Year: 1980
There were 161 healthy volunteers (122 men and 39 women) who took part. The vast majority of those who participated were college students. The participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 36.
The Study: The subjects were given 320g/kg CBN Isolate Bulk (25mg for an average-sized adult) orally, either alone or in combination with 215g/kg THC (= 16mg), and their cognitive, perception, reaction time, and motor function were tested. The authors concluded that CBN had no effect on any of the parameters tested. There were no differences in the effects of CBN combined with THC versus THC alone. Drs. Leo Hollister and Stig Agurell are the authors of
CBN STUDY #6
Palo Alto, California, United States; Veterans Administration Medical Center
Year: 1981
Twelve male volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 40 took part. They had all previously used marijuana.
Another study from Dr. Hollister’s group. This time, they wanted to see if Wholesale CBN Isolate affects how our bodies digest THC in food. They followed the same treatment protocol as in their previous study (20mgTHC + placebo or 40mgCBN, taken orally). They discovered no statistically significant differences between the CBN and placebo groups. [15].
CBN STUDY #7
Location: Los Angeles, California, USA; University of California Department of Medicine
The primary author is Dr. Henry Gong Jr.
Year: 1984
59 healthy men aged 21 to 32 took part in the study. The subjects were all regular cannabis users.
The Study: For 20 days, participants took 100mg, 600mg, or 1200mg CBN orally every day. Subjective self-rated ‘highness scores’ were no different from placebo at any dose of CBN. Even at the highest dose of 1200mg, CBN had no effect on heart rate. Twelve of the participants were then enrolled in the second phase of the study, where they received 400mg CBN in combination with 5mg THC. THC had no effect on the heart rate or subjective high caused by wholesale CBN Isolate.
CBN STUDY NO. 8
University of Uppsala is located in Uppsala, Sweden.
Year: 1987
The primary authors are Drs. Leo Hollister and Eva Johansson.
Six healthy male volunteers ranging in age from 19 to 31 took part. All had previously used cannabis and had abstained for at least 72 hours prior to the experiment.
The Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study was to compare blood CBN Isolate Wholesale levels after smoking versus intravenous administration (this type of experiment is known as a ‘pharmacokinetics’ or ‘PK’ study). CBN infusions of 20mg were given to participants intravenously. One week later, the same participants smoked a THC-free joint containing 20mg CBN. While the authors did not focus on subjective effects, they did note that neither smoked nor injected CBN produced detectable psychoactive effects. [17]
THE 9TH CBN STUDY
Australia is home to the West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute and the University of Western Australia.
Year: 2021
The primary author is Jennifer Walsh.
Participants: 24 volunteers suffering from chronic insomnia (20 women and 4 men). The participants’ ages ranged from 25 to 70.
The Research: ZTL-101 (a proprietary combination of THC+CBN+CBD in a 20:2:1) was studied in this recent clinical trial for the treatment of chronic insomnia. When ZTL-101 was given sublingually twice daily for two weeks, it significantly improved insomnia symptoms as well as self-reported sleep quality when compared to the placebo group.
CBN CONCLUSIONS CBN AND SLEEP: AN INTRIGUING CASE
The cannabis market has recently seen a significant increase in CBN Isolate Wholesale, and manufacturers have taken advantage of the opportunity to widely publicise its anecdotal reputation as a sleep aid. According to previous research, this minor cannabinoid does not appear to have any special sleepy properties. Although there is a lot of anecdotal evidence supporting CBN as a sleep aid, I am sceptical of these widely held beliefs.
CBN Isolate Wholesale clinical research is still insufficient to form a comprehensive understanding of its pharmacology. While it’s possible that CBN hasn’t yet discovered mechanisms of action that could aid in sleep, I haven’t seen any solid evidence to support this theory. In all likelihood, the alleged sleep-aid property of CBN Isolate Wholesale is nothing more than an unfounded rumour caused by two factors. The first is that in the past, people noticed that older cannabis had more sedative effects and incorrectly associated them with degraded THC. The second point to mention is that a placebo can be an extremely effective drug!